Form 1805 National Traffic Safety Survey - Modules 1 & 2

National Traffic Safety Survey

T hank you for participating in the National Traffic Safety Survey. The survey will take about 30 minutes. Participation in this survey is voluntary.

START HERE

SCR1. Are you the adult (18 years old or older) in your household with the next upcoming birthday? Using the next birthday is a method of random selection and is important to make sure that the experiences of all types of people are represented.

1 Yes → Please continue

2 No → Please ask the adult in your household with the next birthday to complete this survey

Paperwork Reduction Act Burden Statement: Under the Paperwork Reduction Act, a federal agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information subject to the requirements of the Paperwork Reduction Act unless that collection of information displays a current valid 0MB Control Number. The 0MB Control Number for this information collection is 2127-XXXX. The average amount of time to complete this survey is 30 minutes. The purpose of the survey is to collect information about road user attitudes and behaviors related to motor vehicle safety that will be used to inform the development of appropriate traffic safety countermeasures. All responses to this collection of information are voluntary. If you have comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, send them to: Information Collection Clearance Officer, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 New Jersey Ave. SE, Washington, DC 20590.

NHTSA Form 1805

OMB Number XXX-XXXX

Expiration Date X/XX/XXXX

The next few questions ask about your general driving experiences. For these questions, a motorcycle counts as a motor vehicle, but electric bikes or scooters do not.

C1. Thinking about the past 12 months, how often do you usually drive a car, motorcycle, or other motor vehicle?

1 Every day, or almost every day

1. → Go to question C2

2 Several days a week

3 About once a week

4 Once or twice a month

5 Up to a few times a year

6 I have not driven in the past 12 months

→ Skip to question C22

C1a. Have you ever driven before?

1 Yes

2 No

C2. When driving a motor vehicle, how often do you wear your seat belt?

1 All trips

2 Most trips

3 About half my trips

4 Fewer than half my trips

5 None of my trips

C3. Which of the following statements best describes your driving?

1 I tend to pass other cars more often than other cars pass me

2 Other cars tend to pass me more often than I pass them

3 Both about equally

C4. In the past 30 days, have you driven a motor vehicle with other adult passengers in the vehicle?

1 Yes, I have driven adults in the front passenger seat

2 Yes, I have driven adults in a back seat

3 Yes, I have driven adults both in the front passenger seat and in a back seat

4 No, I have not driven adult passengers in the past 30 days

C5. In the past 30 days, have you driven a motor vehicle with children aged 12 or younger in the vehicle?

1 Yes, in the front passenger seat

2 Yes, in a back seat

3 Yes, both in the front passenger seat and in a back seat

4 No, I have not driven children aged 12 or younger in the past 30 days → Go to question C6

C5a. When you are driving and children aged 12 or younger are riding with you, are they typically in a car seat, booster seat, seat belt, or do they ride without a seat belt? You may select more than one if answering about multiple children. Select all that apply.

1 Rear-facing car seat

2 Forward-facing car seat

3 Booster seat

4 Seat belt

5 Without a seat belt

C6. Not including driving to and from work, have you driven a vehicle as part of a job or business in the past 12 months?

1 Yes

2 No → Go to question C7

C6a. How often have you driven a vehicle as part of a job or business?

1 Every day, or almost every day

2 Several days a week

3 About once a week

4 Once or twice a month

5 Up to a few times a year

C6b. Are you more likely, less likely, or just as likely to wear your seat belt when driving on the job as compared to when driving for personal use?

1 More likely

2 Less likely

3 Just as likely

C7. In the past 12 months, how often have you driven a motor vehicle at night, after 9 pm?

1 Every day, or almost every day

2 Several days a week

3 About once a week

4 Once or twice a month

5 Up to a few times a year

6 Never in the past 12 months

C8. When was the last time you did not wear your seat belt at any point while driving?

1 Today

2 Within the past week

3 Within the past month

4 Within the past 12 months

5 A year or more ago

6 Never

C9. When driving I tend to…

1 Stay with slower moving traffic

2 Keep up with the faster traffic

3 Both about equally

The next few questions ask about activities you might do while driving. When we say while driving, please include any times that you are seated in the driver’s seat (behind the wheel of your vehicle) if it is not in Park. For example, while driving means both when the vehicle is moving and during times like stopped at a stop sign or red light.

C10. How often do you talk on the phone while driving?

For this question, consider all methods of talking on the phone, including holding the device to your ear, using speakerphone, or using any type of hands-free calling, such as a headset or in-vehicle system or app.

1 All trips

2 Most trips

3 About half my trips

4 Fewer than half my trips

5 None of my trips

6 I don't have a cell phone

C11. How often do you send texts, e-mails, or other messages while driving?

For this question, consider all methods of sending messages, including typing directly on the device or screen, using speech-to-text while holding the device, or using any type of hands-free voice commands, such as with a headset or in-vehicle system or app.

1 All trips

2 Most trips

3 About half my trips

4 Fewer than half my trips

5 None of my trips

6 I don't have a cell phone

C12. How often do you read texts, e-mails, or other messages while driving?

For this question, consider all methods of reading and listening to messages, including while holding the device, looking directly at a screen, or using any type of hands-free voice commands to have messages read aloud, such as with a headset or in-vehicle system or app.

1 All trips

2 Most trips

3 About half my trips

4 Fewer than half my trips

5 None of my trips

6 I don't have a cell phone

C13. In the past 30 days, how many times have you fallen asleep or nodded off, even for a moment, while driving?

1 Never in the past 30 days

2 Once

3 2 to 3 times

4 4 to 6 times

5 7 to 9 times

6 10 or more times

The next few questions ask about your personal experiences, which some people may find to be sensitive in nature. As a reminder, your answers will be kept anonymous. We encourage your honesty in responding to these questions.

C14. In the past 12 months, how often have you typically had a drink containing alcohol?

1 Every day, or almost every day

2 Several days a week

3 About once a week

4 Once or twice a month

5 Up to a few times a year

6 Never in the past 12 months → Go to question C15

C14a. In the past 12 months, how often have you driven a motor vehicle within two hours of drinking alcoholic beverages?

1 Every day, or almost every day

2 Several days a week

3 About once a week

4 Once or twice a month

5 Up to a few times a year

6 Never in the past 12 months

C15. Cannabis (or marijuana) is available in both recreational and medicinal forms and may be known by many other names (such as weed or pot). Cannabis is often smoked, vaped, or ingested through edibles (such as gummies). In the past 12 months, how often have you typically used cannabis?

For this question, we are not interested in CBD oil.

1 Every day, or almost every day

2 Several days a week

3 About once a week

4 Once or twice a month

5 Up to a few times a year

6 Never in the past 12 months → Go to question C16

C15a. In the past 12 months, how often have you driven a motor vehicle within four hours of using cannabis?

1 Every day, or almost every day

2 Several days a week

3 About once a week

4 Once or twice a month

5 Up to a few times a year

6 Never in the past 12 months

C16. In the past 12 months, have you driven a motor vehicle under the influence of…? Select all that apply.

1 Alcohol

2 Cannabis

3 Illegal drugs

4 Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs or medications that can cause impairment, such as drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision

5 Prescription drugs or medications that can cause impairment, such as drowsiness, dizziness, or blurred vision

6 Combination of any of the above items

7 None of these

C17. Counting cars, vans, minivans, SUVs, pickup trucks, and motorcycles, how many vehicles do you own, lease, or are otherwise available regularly for your use?

꙱꙱ Vehicles

C18. Which of the following best describes the vehicle that you drive most often?

If you drive more than one vehicle about the same amount and can't decide which of them you drive most often, then answer for which of those vehicles you drove last.

1 Personal vehicle owned/leased by me or someone in my household

2 Borrowed personal vehicle from a friend/family member

3 Vehicle provided by my employer

4 Vehicle from a rental car or shared car service such as Enterprise or ZipCar

5 Other

C19. Thinking about the vehicle that you drive most often, is it a…

1 Car or station wagon

2 Van or minivan

3 SUV (sport utility vehicle)

4 Pickup truck

2. → Go to
   question C20

5 Other truck (such as a box truck,
18-wheeler, flatbed truck)

6 Motorcycle

7 Other

C19a. Please provide the year, make, and model of the vehicle you just told us is the one you drive most often. Throughout this survey, we will refer to this vehicle as your primary vehicle.

꙱꙱꙱꙱ Year

꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱ Make

꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱꙱ Model

C20. For how long have you driven this vehicle?

1 Less than 3 months

2 3 months to less than 6 months

3 6 months to less than a year

4 A year to less than 2 years

5 2 years to less than 5 years

6 5 years or more

C21. Have you been involved in a crash or near-crash as a driver in the past 12 months?

By "near-crash" we mean a time that you would have almost certainly gotten into a crash if you or another driver had not swerved, slammed on your brakes, or done something else out of the ordinary when driving to avoid the crash.

1 Crash

2 Near-crash

3 Both

4 Neither

C22. Which, if any, of the following best describes the type of license you have for driving?

1 Driver's license (non-commercial)

2 Commercial driver's license (CDL)

3 Motorcycle license

4 Non-commercial driver's license with "motorcycle" endorsement

5 Provisional or probationary license

6 Learner or instruction permit

7 Suspended or revoked license

8 None

9 Don’t know

C23. What is your primary mode of transportation? By primary, we mean the way you get around most often.

1 Driving a vehicle

2 Riding in a vehicle driven by someone else

3 Bus travel

4 Train travel

5 Riding a bicycle

6 Walking

7 Other

C24. How often do you use taxis, Uber, Lyft, or other rideshare services?

1 Every day, or almost every day

2 Several days a week

3 About once a week

4 Once or twice a month

5 Up to a few times a year

6 Never

SEAT BELTS

If you have driven in the past 12 months, please continue with question S1.

If you have not driven in the past 12 months, please skip to question S6.

S1. Do the seat belts in the front seat of your primary vehicle go across both your shoulder and lap or across your lap only?

3. → Go to question S2

1 Across both shoulder and lap

2 Across lap only

3 Vehicle has no belts

S1a. Are the shoulder and lap belt one piece or are they two separate belts?

1 One piece

2 Two separate belts

S1b. Shoulder belts are usually attached to the frame behind the driver's left shoulder. In some vehicles, this attachment can be moved up or down to adjust the shoulder belt. Is this attachment adjustable in your vehicle?

1 Yes, adjustable

2 No, not adjustable

3 Don’t know

S2. Are you more likely, less likely, or just as likely to wear your seat belt when driving at night compared to when driving during the day?

1 More likely

2 Less likely

3 Just as likely

4 Don't drive at night

S3. When driving, suppose you notice that a passenger in the vehicle is not wearing their seat belt. How likely or unlikely are you to tell them to put it on?

1 Very likely

2 Somewhat likely

3 Somewhat unlikely

4 Very unlikely

S4. Assume that you regularly do not wear your seat belt while driving over the next six months. How likely or unlikely do you think you will be to receive a ticket for not wearing a seat belt?

1 Very likely

2 Somewhat likely

3 Somewhat unlikely

4 Very unlikely

5 This is not against the law where I live

S5. The next few statements are about driving and seat belts. Please tell us how much you agree or disagree with each one.

	Strongly agree	Somewhat agree	Somewhat disagree	Strongly disagree
S5a. Seat belts are just as likely to harm as help you.
S5b. If I were in a crash, I would want to have my seat belt on.
S5c. Putting on a seat belt makes me worry more about being in a crash.
S5d. If it is your time to die, you’ll die, so it doesn’t matter whether you wear your seat belt.
S5e. There is no excuse for not wearing your seat belt.

S6. How often do you ride as a passenger in any kind of car, van, SUV, or truck?

1 Every day, or almost every day

2 Several days a week

3 About once a week

4 Once or twice a month

5 Up to a few times a year

6 Never → Go to question S7

S6a. When you are a passenger, do you usually ride in the front seat or the back seat?

1 Front seat

2 Back seat

S6b. When riding as a passenger in the front seat, how often do you wear your seat belt?

1 All trips

2 Most trips

3 About half the trips

4 Fewer than half the trips

5 None of the trips

6 I never ride in the front seat

S6c. When riding as a passenger in the back seat, how often do you wear your seat belt?

1 All trips

2 Most trips

3 About half the trips

4 Fewer than half the trips

5 None of the trips

6 I never ride in the back seat

S7. Thinking about drivers in the US, about how many do you believe wear their seat belt every time they drive?

1 All or nearly all drivers

2 Most drivers

3 About half of drivers

4 Fewer than half of drivers

5 None or nearly no drivers

S8. Thinking about adults in the US, about how many do you believe have not worn a seat belt at any point while riding as a passenger in the past 12 months?

1 All or nearly all adults

2 Most adults

3 About half of adults

4 Fewer than half of adults

5 None or nearly no adults

S9. Which, if any, of the following describe reasons why you wear your seat belt?

Select all that apply.

1 It’s a habit

2 I don’t want to get a ticket

3 Others expect me to wear it

4 It’s the law

5 I want to avoid serious injury

6 I want to set a good example for others

7 The vehicle has a bell, buzzer, or light that reminds me

8 Some other reason(s)

9 I never wear my seat belt

S10. Which, if any, of the following describe reasons why you have not worn your seat belt during past occasions?

Select all that apply.

1 I’m only going a short distance

2 I’m riding in light traffic

3 The seat belt is uncomfortable

4 The probability of being in a crash is too low

5 The people I am with are not wearing seat belts

6 I don’t like being told what to do

7 I can’t get to the seat belt or am unable to get it to work

8 I don’t think I need a seat belt in taxis or Ubers/Lyfts

9 Some other reason(s)

10 I always wear my seat belt

S11. Is there anything that you particularly dislike or find annoying about wearing your seat belt?

1 Yes

2 No → Go to question S12

S11a. What is it that you dislike or find annoying? Is it because…

Select all that apply.

1 Seat belts are a nuisance or hassle

2 I feel too restricted or confined by seat belts

3 Seat belts put pressure on my neck, choke me, or cut across my neck

4 Seat belts put pressure on my shoulder; the shoulder strap is too tight

5 Seat belts put pressure on my chest

6 Seat belts irritate or chafe my skin

7 Seat belts wrinkle my clothes

8 Something else

S12. Which, if any, of the following would encourage you to wear (or continue wearing) your seat belt?

Select all that apply. We are interested in your responses even if you already wear your seat belt.

1 Getting or hearing about someone getting a ticket for not wearing a seat belt

2 New or stricter laws regarding seat belt use

3 Higher fines for seat belt violation tickets

4 Being in or seeing/hearing about a crash

5 Influence or pressure from others to wear my seat belt

6 Technology in my vehicle that reminds me to do so (such as a light or beeping alert)

7 Hearing/seeing campaigns around seat belt safety awareness

8 Discounts from my auto insurance company for wearing my seat belt

9 Something else

10 Nothing would encourage me to wear my seat belt

S13. In a crash, would you say that seat belts are most helpful to adults in the front seat, in the back seat, or is it about the same?

1 Front seat

2 Back seat

3 About the same

S14. Thinking about drivers in the US, about how many do you believe would agree to the following statement:

Wearing a seat belt while driving is a worthwhile precaution.

1 All or nearly all drivers

2 Most drivers

3 About half of drivers

4 Fewer than half of drivers

5 None or nearly no drivers

S15. Thinking about adults in the US, about how many do you believe would agree to the following statement:

It's okay to sometimes not buckle up when riding as a passenger.

1 All or nearly all adults

2 Most adults

3 About half of adults

4 Fewer than half of adults

5 None or nearly no adults

S16. Assume that you regularly do not wear your seat belt while riding in the back seat of a vehicle over the next six months.

How likely or unlikely do you think you will be to receive a ticket for not wearing a seat belt?

1 Very likely

2 Somewhat likely

3 Somewhat unlikely

4 Very unlikely

5 This is not against the law where I live

S17. Assume that you were stopped and fined for not wearing a seat belt.

After receiving the ticket, do you think you would…?

1 Wear my seat belt more often as a permanent change

2 Wear my seat belt more often for at least a year

3 Wear my seat belt more often for less than a year

4 Make no change

S18. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Police in my community generally do not bother to write tickets for seat belt violations.

1 Strongly agree

2 Somewhat agree

3 Somewhat disagree

4 Strongly disagree

S19. To what extent do you favor or oppose laws that require drivers and front seat passengers to wear seat belts?

1 Strongly favor

2 Somewhat favor

3 Somewhat oppose

4 Strongly oppose

S20. To what extent do you favor or oppose fines for drivers who do not wear seat belts?

1 Strongly favor

2 Somewhat favor

3 Somewhat oppose

4 Strongly oppose

S21. To what extent do you favor or oppose laws that require back seat adult passengers to wear seat belts?

1 Strongly favor

2 Somewhat favor

3 Somewhat oppose

4 Strongly oppose

S22. Have you read, seen, or heard anything regarding the importance of seat belts from people or groups in your community? This could be public service announcements on TV, signs on the road, news stories, on social media, through an organization, or something else.

1 Yes, in the past 30 days

2 Yes, but longer ago than 30 days

3 No, never

S23. The next questions are about seat belt laws in your state. Does your state have a law requiring seat belt use?

1 Definitely yes

2 Probably yes

4. → Go to question S24

3 Probably not

4 Definitely not

5 Don't know

S23a. To the best of your knowledge, who is required to wear seat belts according to your state law?

Select all that apply.

1 Drivers

2 Children in the front seat

3 Children in the back seat

4 Adult passengers in the front seat

5 Adult passengers in the back seat

S23b. To the best of your knowledge in your state, can police stop a vehicle if they observe a seat belt violation or do they have to observe some other offense first in order to stop the vehicle?

1 Can stop just for seat belt violation

2 Must observe another offense first

3 Don't know

S24. In your opinion, should police be allowed to stop a vehicle if they observe a seat belt violation when no other traffic laws are being broken?

1 Should be allowed to stop

2 Should not

S25. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

It is at least as important for police to enforce seat belt laws as it is for police to enforce other traffic laws.

1 Strongly agree

2 Somewhat agree

3 Somewhat disagree

4 Strongly disagree

S26. Have you read, seen, or heard anything about enforcement of seat belt laws by police?

1 Yes, in the past 30 days

2 Yes, but longer ago than 30 days

3 No, never

DISTRACTED DRIVING

If you have driven in the past 12 months, please continue with question D1.

If you have not driven in the past 12 months, please skip to question D14.

In this section of the survey, as described earlier, items ask about activities you might do while driving. When we say while driving, please include any times that you are seated in the driver’s seat (behind the wheel of your vehicle) if it is not in Park. For example, while driving means both when the vehicle is moving and during times like stopped at a stop sign or red light.

D1. While driving your primary vehicle, how often do you use each of the following built-in features? Features may be used for activities such as calling/texting, navigation, music, or other activities. Please respond how often (from all to none of your trips) if your primary vehicle has this feature. If not, please select “My primary vehicle does not have this feature”.

While driving, how often do you use a…	All trips	Most trips	About half my trips	Fewer than half my trips	None of my trips	My primary vehicle does not have this feature
D1a. Built-in hands-free Bluetooth capability for connecting a phone
D1b. A navigation system built into the vehicle
D1c. Apple CarPlay or Android Auto for viewing smartphone apps on your car display
D1d. Built-in car radio
D1e. CD or tape player

2. → If you never use a smartphone while driving or if you do not own a smartphone, skip to question D13

D2. Listed below are different types of portable electronic devices. For each one, we are interested in how often you use the device while driving. Please respond how often (from all to none of your trips) if you own that kind of device. If not, please select “I don't own this device”.

While driving, how often do you use a…	All trips	Most trips	About half my trips	Fewer than half my trips	None of my trips	I don’t own this device
D2a. Smartphone (with internet connectivity, such as an Android or iPhone)
D2b. Cell phone without internet (flip-phone or other simple style)
D2c. Tablet or e-reader, such as an iPad, Fire, or Kindle
D2d. Smartwatch, such as an Apple Watch or Fitbit
D2e. Bluetooth headset, headphones/earbuds, or other hands-free device for your phone (not built into the vehicle)

D3. Please consider any time you've used your phone while driving including making/receiving calls, texting or e-mailing, using smartphone apps, etc.

In the past 30 days, have you done any of the following with your phone while driving?

	Yes	No
D3a. Touched or picked up the phone
D3b. Looked down in your lap, to passenger seat, or cup holder to view phone screen
D3c. Unlocked phone using fingerprint, face, or passcode
D3d. Typed on car display to interact with a paired phone
D3e. Viewed information from a paired phone on car display for more than a moment

D4. Other than navigation apps, which types of smartphone apps do you typically use while driving?

Select all that apply. Include all types of apps used whether it is directly on your smartphone or with a feature such as Apple CarPlay or Android Auto to view the app on your car display.

1 Communications apps (such as social media, messaging, video calling, or e-mail)

2 Entertainment apps (such as music streaming, video streaming, or games)

3 Camera or photo apps

4 Productivity or utility apps (such as browser, calendar, news, or shopping)

5 Some other app(s)

6 I do not use any apps other than navigation apps while driving → Go to question D5

D4a. Other than navigation apps, how often do you use smartphone apps while driving?

1 All trips

2 Most trips

3 About half my trips

4 Fewer than half my trips

D5. How often do you have navigation apps through (or connected to) a smartphone turned on or in use while driving?

1 All trips

2 Most trips

3 About half my trips

4 Fewer than half my trips

5 None of my trips → Go to question D6

D5a. When you interact with a navigation app through (or connected to) a smartphone while driving, such as to make changes to your route or destination, do you most often…

1 Continue to drive while using the app

2 Pull over to a safe location (parking lot, driveway, side of road) to use the app

3 Hand the phone to a passenger to use the app

4 Use a Voice Command feature (speech dictation)

5 Wait until you reach a red light or stop sign to use the app

D6. When you write texts, e-mails, or other messages while driving, do you most often…

1 Continue to drive while completing the message

2 Pull over to a safe location (parking lot, driveway, side of road) to write the message

3 Hand the phone to a passenger to do your messaging

4 Use a Voice Command feature (speech dictation)

5 Wait until you reach a red light or stop sign to write the message

6 I do not write text messages or e-mail while driving

D7. When you make or receive calls while driving, do you most often…

1 Hold the phone in your hand

2 Squeeze the phone between your ear and shoulder

3 Use a hands-free headset or earpiece

4 Use a built-in-car system (built-in Bluetooth, Apple CarPlay)

5 Use the cell phone’s speakerphone feature

6 I do not make or answer calls while driving

D8. In which, if any, of the following situations would you never touch or pick up your phone while driving? This includes making/receiving calls, texting or e-mailing, using smartphone apps, etc. Select all that apply.

1 When moving (not at stop signs or red lights)

2 Fast moving traffic (freeway)

3 Bumper to bumper traffic

4 Bad weather

5 Driving in unfamiliar area/roads

6 Driving at nighttime

7 Marked school or construction zones

8 With other adult passengers in the car

9 With a baby or child on board

10 Winding/curving roads

11 When I see a police officer

12 Some other situation(s)

13 None of these

D9. Which, if any, of the following describe reasons that you are more likely to use your phone while driving? This includes making/receiving calls, texting or e-mailing, using smartphone apps, etc. Select all that apply.

1 How important I think the call, message, or alert is

2 It's work-related

3 I'm stopped at a red light or stop sign

4 It's personal or social

5 Urgent/emergency situation

6 I'll be using my phone for just a moment

7 Bluetooth, hands-free, or voice commands available

8 In need of directions or other information

9 Boredom (talking on, listening to music on, or using my phone gives me something to do while driving)

10 Traveling at a low speed

11 Good weather conditions

12 Tired (talking on, listening to music on, or using my phone keeps me awake)

13 Some other situation(s)

14 None of these

D10. Would you ever use an app or enable a feature on your phone to block calls and text messaging while driving?

1 Yes

2 No

3 Depends

4 Already have

D11. How, if at all, would you say your driving behavior is different when you are interacting with your phone? This includes making/receiving calls, texting or e-mailing, using smartphone apps, etc.

For this question, consider all methods of interacting with the phone, including while holding the device, using speakerphone, or using any type of hands-free voice commands, such as a headset or in-vehicle system or app. Select all that apply.

1 Drive slower

2 Drive faster

3 Drift out of the lane or roadway

4 Change lanes less frequently

5 Change lanes more frequently

6 Apply the brakes suddenly

7 Look in your mirrors or over your shoulder more frequently

8 Look in your mirrors or over your shoulder less frequently

9 Increase distance from lead vehicle

10 Follow lead vehicle more closely

11 Use turn signal less regularly

12 Use turn signal more regularly

13 Something else

14 There is no difference in my driving behavior when I am interacting with my phone

D12. Which, if any, of the following do you think would cause you to use your phone less often while driving? Select all that apply.

1 Getting or hearing about someone getting a ticket for using a cell phone while driving

2 New or stricter laws against cell phone use while driving

3 Higher fines for distracted driving tickets

4 Being in or seeing/hearing about a crash

5 Influence or pressure from others to stop using a cell phone while driving

6 Features on my cell phone that can limit usage (such as “do not disturb” or “auto-reply” texts) while driving

7 Hearing/seeing campaigns around distracted driving safety awareness

8 Something else

9 Nothing would cause me to use my cell phone less often while driving

D13. Below is a list of common activities people do while driving. For each activity, we are interested in how often you do each while driving.

How often do you…	All trips	Most trips	About half my trips	Fewer than half my trips	None of my trips
D13a. Talk or interact with passengers in the vehicle
D13b. Eat or drink
D13c. Reach for items elsewhere in the vehicle (passenger side or back seat)
D13d. Adjust settings on the vehicle dash or radio
D13e. Do personal grooming (comb hair or apply makeup)

D14. How dangerous do you feel the following driving behaviors are?

We are interested in your responses even if you do not engage in these activities.

	Extremely dangerous	Very dangerous	Moderately dangerous	Not very dangerous	Not dangerous at all
D14a. Holding and talking on a phone while driving
D14b. Holding and texting, e-mailing, or using apps on a phone while driving
D14c. Talking on a phone using hands-free technology (Bluetooth, CarPlay, Android Auto, etc.) while driving
D14d. Texting, e-mailing, or using apps on a phone using hands-free technology (Bluetooth, CarPlay, Android Auto, etc.) while driving

D15. How safe or unsafe would you feel if you were a passenger riding in a car while your driver was doing each of the following?

	Very unsafe	Somewhat unsafe	Somewhat safe	Very safe
D15a. Talking or interacting with other passengers in the vehicle
D15b. Eating or drinking
D15c. Talking on a phone while holding the phone
D15d. Reading text or e-mail messages
D15e. Interacting with a navigation system for driving directions
D15f. Using smartphone apps through a built-in system such as CarPlay or Android Auto

D16. How likely or unlikely are you to do or say something to your driver if they appear distracted by their phone while driving?

1 Very likely

2 Somewhat likely

3 Somewhat unlikely

4 Very unlikely

D17. Thinking about drivers in the US, about how many do you believe at least occasionally use their phone while driving? This could include making/receiving calls, texting or e-mailing, using smartphone apps, etc.

1 All or nearly all drivers

2 Most drivers

3 About half of drivers

4 Fewer than half of drivers

5 None or nearly no drivers

D18. Assume that you were stopped and fined for using your phone while driving.

After receiving the ticket, do you think you would…?

1 Use my phone less often while driving as a permanent change

2 Use my phone less often while driving for at least a year

3 Use my phone less often while driving for less than a year

4 Make no change

D19. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

Police in my community generally do not bother to write tickets for distracted driving violations, such as using a phone while driving.

1 Strongly agree

2 Somewhat agree

3 Somewhat disagree

4 Strongly disagree

D20. Does your state have a law that makes it illegal to text while driving?

1 Definitely yes

2 Probably yes

3 Probably not

4 Definitely not

5 Don't know

D21. Does your state have a law that makes it illegal to use a handheld cell phone while driving?

1 Definitely yes

2 Probably yes

3 Probably not

4 Definitely not

5 Don't know

D22. To what extent do you favor or oppose laws that make it illegal to text while driving?

1 Strongly favor

2 Somewhat favor

3 Somewhat oppose

4 Strongly oppose

D23. To what extent do you favor or oppose laws that make it illegal to use a handheld cell phone while driving?

1 Strongly favor

2 Somewhat favor

3 Somewhat oppose

4 Strongly oppose

D24. To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is at least as important for police to enforce distracted driving laws as it is for police to enforce other traffic laws.

1 Strongly agree

2 Somewhat agree

3 Somewhat disagree

4 Strongly disagree

D25. Have you read, seen, or heard any messages that encourage people not to talk on phones, send text or e-mails, or use smartphone apps while driving? This could be public service announcements on TV, signs on the road, news stories, on social media, or something else.

1 Yes, in the past 30 days

2 Yes, but longer ago than 30 days

3 No, never

D26. There are phone apps or features available to block phone calls and text messaging while driving. Before this survey, had you ever heard of this?

1 Yes

2 No

Before we wrap up the survey, we have a few additional background questions about you.

C25. How old are you?

꙱꙱꙱ Years old

C26. What is your sex?

1 Female

2 Male

C27. In order to better understand driver and rider characteristics, we'd like to ask you about your height and weight.

About how tall are you without shoes?

꙱ Feet ꙱꙱ Inches

C28. What is your weight?

꙱꙱꙱ Pounds

C29. What is your race and/or ethnicity? Select all that apply.

1 American Indian or Alaska Native

2 Asian

3 Black or African American

4 Hispanic or Latino

5 Middle Eastern or North African

6 Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander

7 White

C30. Are you currently married, widowed, divorced, separated, or have you never been married?

1 Married

2 Widowed

3 Divorced

4 Separated

5 Never married

C31. Do you own or rent your home?

1 Own

2 Rent

3 Some other arrangement

C32. What is the highest degree or level of school you have completed?

1 Did not start high school

2 Some high school

3 High school diploma

4 GED or alternative credential

5 Some college with no degree

6 Two-year or Associate's degree

7 Four-year or Bachelor's degree

8 Some graduate school with no degree

9 Graduate or professional degree

C33. Which of the following categories best describes your total household income before taxes in 2024? Your best estimate is fine.

1 Less than $15,000

2 $15,000 to $24,999

3 $25,000 to $34,999

4 $35,000 to $49,999

5 $50,000 to $74,999

6 $75,000 to $99,999

7 $100,000 to $149,999

8 $150,000 to $199,999

9 $200,000 or more

C34. Including yourself, how many adults aged 18 and older live in your household?

꙱꙱ Adults

C35. Which, if any, of the following aged children live in your household? Select all that apply.

1 Under 1 year old

2 1 or 2 years old

3 3, 4 or 5 years old

4 6, 7 or 8 years old

5 9, 10, 11 or 12 years old

6 13, 14 or 15 years old

7 16 or 17 years old

8 No children in my household

C36. What is your current employment status?

1 Working as a paid employee, full-time

2 Working as a paid employee, part-time

3 Not working and looking for work

4 Not working, retired

5 Not working due to disability

6 Not working, homemaker

7 Not working for any other reason